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k! x+ J4 @, h$ x: u# pTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞,老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐,虽然是洋人的节日:)下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网8 @" d8 [: e" U! {8 vmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ, l* b; ]# |6 s* L3 P. D! { ]4 Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
0 z7 a8 @, J8 w* Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”,原本这节课是安排在周三下午的,但贾老师届时另有要事,所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告,提前到今日下午开课。有此良师,夫复何求?闲话少叙,立即把上课实录整理奉上。, G5 ~2 d! H" m" G* }& {mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午,我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第% D/ @1 k" Y, Z' Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">5! j0 J- ]* |5 e: ^5 y; R! Z0 \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;7 a- C+ p6 w" H$ L w! k* P! w
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝,子曰:5 [4 Q0 P r: C/ D zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 r" F5 `# I3 l& G
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。) S, P0 D" r. F) p: R5 H) fmso-font-kerning:0pt">”" r2 w( r4 `# w7 f: D
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御,子告之曰:9 X5 }& c0 T' y% \. J! _4 y4 X9 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“, M. T4 ~# a" ^% I3 ~) {/ r/ r
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我,我对曰无违。7 P5 X& h: J7 K; Tcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”' L- V9 Z- \, G, B- kTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;& l/ `7 h' q4 ~+ |3 Y( }
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰:' c5 C/ `/ J/ G8 N2 v8 p5 t! H
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也?% a* ?9 M8 P7 }" G- [0 B1 Smso-font-kerning:0pt">”: B6 ~0 A9 T# f/ `5 Qmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;% J2 k6 n/ i6 b7 G
mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰:* Q/ a) D$ W3 ^- gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 u. K+ u% ]5 N5 {8 I
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& D6 u2 T1 W, m x {1 }& i# b" dmso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼;死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。 a4 g0 e% G/ k, j( icolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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2 ` B* ], j. F4 T, b0 O' tmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子:鲁国大夫,三家之一,姓仲孙,名何忌,懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违:不要违背礼。樊迟:孔子的学生,名须,字子迟,比孔子小四十六岁。御:驾驶马车。孟孙:指孟懿子。/ R2 a, e1 \0 T" @
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝,孔子说:! ~9 ? _' k2 Q% p
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3 O- ` w1 Y* C5 G: v' @- Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。& T- @$ @' u. E. G! H8 [9 K, s
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天,樊迟给孔子驾车,孔子告诉他说:/ ]9 I2 K/ [( D2 `6 h0 h" ]7 B1 @
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9 \+ i3 D! V; x- P6 m- BTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝,我回答他说不要违背礼。9 F- i$ {) U9 N; l- l
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. g4 h' |3 |9 u" V# ^, }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说:& X M" N1 {/ B' Emso-font-kerning:0pt">"9 s X( A, V3 @' N# p
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; p+ Y: K# J9 u2 T( T$ N0 fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢 j$ x( n+ l: b3 o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说:3 ^) z }! I r3 l; Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">"3 ]3 e: ]# B5 J8 `7 S/ w5 M. Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
& S0 W, |: k) y3 X+ B q$ emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候,要按礼侍奉他们;父母死了,要按礼来埋葬他们,祭祀他们。' s2 b- ?/ i- G0 f( a3 gmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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1 @/ k/ r* _- Y9 imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:怎样理解孝就是& U' G+ K- R* i
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4 u! L1 G4 h& B8 g ]' kmso-font-kerning:0pt">答:孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教,所以孔子针对他讲得% F$ A8 P) V4 A, X8 f
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0 |0 c4 J% h3 _" i& tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违9 t' z" x: @) m. }5 v2 X3 r" dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”" j7 \. o* C8 \1 K3 T1 M+ ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
, Q/ \ ~. l" \& v3 }2 N5 Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,就是不要违背父亲的教诲,这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言,孔子讲# ?) q/ \( d: }. ^" P3 x
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9 k( X, F' @- V% S Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,强调要以礼事亲,不可违背于礼,- u1 U2 b$ n8 {2 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 m# z4 I) R) `' ^- ~) vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
# Z" k1 B' n. w# W! Y& Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。& t( y: @3 ?% `% [5 ~$ {3 y9 r
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' Y7 s1 g) b8 {7 ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世,如有不合乎礼的言行,子女是不应当顺从的,而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏,这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神,还应当体现在父母去世以后,要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们,这才算子女尽孝有始有终。6 l$ a! {- e& J4 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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5 O `) Y& `5 Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:为什么说以礼事亲才是孝?+ Z- m8 ~8 R1 O7 ^0 L1 a10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答:本章谈孝的重点是,孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系,一方面强调仁是礼的核心,礼应当体现仁的精神;另一方面又强调,礼的规定体现了仁的要求,依礼而行就是仁。据此,是否做到了孝,要以是否依礼而行来衡量。$ ?. L+ K6 ?9 q+ f/ R! s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地:$ b0 S1 \ a$ M. x* G. l% w* ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!反过来说,虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬,但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬,也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要,如若无礼那必然是不孝!对父母尽孝道,是义& G, U; j% E# A0 K4 L2 y' f
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) w" V+ {. \8 g4 N% S; j/ nTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!# W8 F u! z/ ]7 F9 j. {' n8 H0 f
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2 U, v( Y- F9 U3 R$ j3 @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质,是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心,才会有孝行。( e$ R' F, y/ o" M5 q4 y
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老,昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述; T4 c: U$ z5 @' J) |# v2 @
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! a+ i; J% j7 n- q0 G* ]* y Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝,绝对不能行功利主义,现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候,和颜悦色,等到父母年迈无力,不能给自己帮上什么了,就放弃赡养父母,这是一种巧言令色,有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的,先说不违,能够做到遵循父母的教导,按照父母意愿行事之人有几?晚生做不到,起码现在说,不孝有三无后为大,父母成天逼婚,依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊6 d' a5 h" u6 F. @- e3 i
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。现在社会中,生前不依礼事亲,死后大操大办的现象很普遍,成为了陋习,也造成了很大的负担。2 A) g8 E( v& ?" O* @3 J+ x5 C6 ~( b
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孝经
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4 j% a/ y' P5 ]+ _# {Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。% y: a | N# L) ?. z2 S
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( z; r' U9 t$ B# R/ Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对,这是从情感上关心父母,是尽孝的重要内容。生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。$ z6 f( B) j5 } W$ X6 O' nmso-font-kerning:0pt">——0 f: G+ |, y! }7 _* q0 u6 F) `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说:. J* b) X. {, Y; _3 F
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, g: H: M; v# \) m* B5 ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者,敬而已矣。故敬其父,则子悦;敬其兄,则弟悦;敬其君,则臣悦;敬一人,而千万人悦。所敬者寡,而悦者众,此之谓要道也。2 K# B, p4 z" @1 [9 a' y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌,而外在表现,就是一个# j& V2 V" A v/ h7 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“# q7 I# s3 ~# [5 X+ G" k
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4 _6 {. ~+ O9 j+ ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬+ r1 [! Y7 s! T) s3 R% n) L- T5 V$ O
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以,如能尊敬他的父亲,那么其儿子就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的兄长,那么其弟弟就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的国君,那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人,却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数,而喜悦的人却有千千万万,这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为% \* N6 J) M2 M+ w+ F. `% D2 g+ Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 \9 L5 q1 [6 J% }1 H3 k, N' dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 Q1 _8 N; f' n. i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。4 v0 z8 n& n$ d7 H" |3 f
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' _% h$ d6 I* E D2 H( i2 CTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯,这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从,陷亲不义,一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的) |8 |) }' J( A# Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“' T# d3 ]7 A8 _9 Z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思% J& V8 n7 X k6 D- L$ Amso-font-kerning:0pt">
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