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/ J0 l: H* [. U s& CTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网5 f. t; H4 r" U9 T, Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ$ S2 {: q9 e2 n; H3 m8 ~8 ^. G+ ?. D- e
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/ i; Y7 w9 |) ?" i. Z, g/ kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。# m) M2 `& J Smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第/ b$ _" o9 E* k0 V' g6 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">5, r9 r: ~' v9 `$ B8 K$ G) q
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+ \/ m/ Q% V; \, e3 R2 Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：+ ^* a2 U% u3 _+ _' ~
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：$ M9 u1 y3 f% T. wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 B2 R8 T C( V4 N, fmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
: D, X7 V/ F) A5 O% Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。' a7 z$ |! ?' W0 s- C5 H5 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">”' j7 }8 d7 E2 _6 |' H% i
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：/ i& G; a' {. H
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。' V4 n% R- k: Z b
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/ Z, v: I7 x! d9 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：4 C1 h5 r: u ~ e3 F g+ m, R5 omso-font-kerning:0pt">“ w5 i9 Z( { k9 V; i4 e9 o3 s( ?
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) G, O6 u) M' b: x7 Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。9 T2 F& W* L2 w4 ?+ ncolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。" |6 k/ T* Q' S, F( W8 Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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( J% i! s8 C3 _% `" ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：4 ]5 w2 G1 G+ [3 \0 E3 I+ J10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“% a/ b# K. |6 o, U" ~$ amso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;: \5 K3 z* E9 ^ K+ X
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。8 ^/ m- d6 Q( E0 C1 q/ _2 i: `4 G! N8 Y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：) F6 X: r( y9 o: j0 a, @$ v, J/ R
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6 @: D/ z1 G0 B& J* j& {Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。9 G- n; l! O: [. b
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：7 P/ }0 e4 v' g" n
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢% U. }3 j, T! ?. Y) Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">?" ( E" b+ r6 \$ o; Y. F ]' Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
" v) F+ u# x* Q) ?( _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说： B. L' ~5 e2 H- ^* amso-font-kerning:0pt">"" C, m. ~2 {: W. t
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$ g- T6 J4 W$ v# w- ] ]& ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。. W2 W$ A) b' v( d1 [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是 r1 j5 N, t7 x( A; E9 A8 G10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“: O/ U0 L u ]- a9 G7 S) xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;6 ?1 K W6 k# F6 y, Z6 q
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得+ n- B" r: l! ^% q" E6 p
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( J: {' r" o) A! ~6 X3 Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲! V1 S! `: F2 k. `* jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“* F5 A* c! b# I2 p$ B) l5 l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，' s' u5 p$ Y* C' e0 P( x- A+ ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 c# V8 q9 m6 S+ bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 [1 _" h" f6 f: C
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。& \) Y4 e' r. _( G5 @mso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 q" a5 x/ x. y9 O, k" z+ v8 Z) _( ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
?/ Q2 _ |% v0 M8 s0 h, g+ {) \9 Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。5 [1 N+ [# F( {/ y
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0 Z0 G4 z4 i. l! f5 x) y2 W1 |9 vmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。+ n# F. K6 d. ^: _6 L6 o h
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: p# K- G! c- N$ V \0 RTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义- ?# \8 \. M' v2 N% I# [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。, ~6 c* T7 E$ `& i% emso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述7 w* t* O8 Z+ p& o) X: ~
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊0 T- f& z0 G! Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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9 p3 F! b. p; ]2 c* p6 z% x, w# J `: @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。) w/ ]) k# q: x) d* Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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# D& E1 r$ N; N$ b l, JTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。4 M# G& g. d5 L6 C5 ]) B/ {mso-font-kerning:0pt">——, [" F; f; H( ]1 k
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;* J' Y/ o5 L* C) |7 }0 [6 K/ M
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。$ k: B8 B$ v3 z! H, \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：3 \$ R$ i, l8 j
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3 U) g' F1 f7 p' m# C7 o0 _7 wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。8 m# T. \0 V Z( P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个2 b3 p* O* J0 D3 u, ]" i+ p. Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“! v& |5 T2 n: \0 [7 t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬: M: l- f/ Z+ d& o) T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为) y( G/ k+ [ H7 S1 W- @0 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“# Z+ }/ T, e H7 C2 {9 h" y4 F4 C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道. O$ Y C2 U( a$ ]4 s: m& z% \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。 {! y6 m3 w1 y* k$ c9 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的5 Z) ?! B- d+ e; v' }% m' ^/ L
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' d; c7 h- J/ ^. Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思) \; }8 [/ |7 ?/ O
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