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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 1 k1 {& f: b) [- p, Z
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第* {* g$ c) l9 C: Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">1- o: E, s1 |. \" d0 K2 ?9 P
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( m7 g7 s P; h0 `5 j/ ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：, v6 M: w! d6 _0 Z; V; o, v- M
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。2 w% b u5 t! E
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。) v- G2 ]6 m P
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：8 E9 o* ]+ h0 D: R* a& t9 p3 B' q
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6 G$ g, t6 K" a0 U1 w6 _+ Q$ @mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。9 O/ t4 |% h( z7 |& P5 E# D, ?+ \
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？, A% `; j; m2 d! A) f$ u0 ~/ |3 t
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。7 p3 N. ], Y; u' g( d, x i+ d
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0 }# n8 Q, U3 ~. \/ L" ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢7 a4 i' {( ?, d& p/ k/ K$ T, Smso-font-kerning:0pt"> 5 l8 D+ P% o# O/ M1 S j S/ w" B6 A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服8 H, x, k; [) r% R. t% o8 Q# d' g+ tmso-font-kerning:0pt">——& z* E6 r3 u/ n& f+ q+ afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
`! c3 B1 X& x% I imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的, {6 I8 D( Q' ~8 a
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$ @4 P9 w9 O' Y1 E# a( X+ |2 Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。9 L# T$ |7 I0 K& c1 d! Q
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8 A7 H& v4 m& R# D# E& Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新+ O. ^% `( O$ o5 W" Y2 h
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) W& @' ]! M6 J- K9 O! aTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白7 F$ Z1 J9 |5 r# p# Imso-font-kerning:0pt">
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/ ]$ C) L8 W1 mTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学' E0 u1 ~, v1 I5 ~
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么' w K( D$ N( Q- ]# y2 r+ l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？- Z2 |& s( T' R$ v( Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">——$ d% f8 H9 F" H3 I' p
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5 N5 J1 r, r4 w1 Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。* z+ P. A% ^. K; V( G
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”0 l5 D8 r' y# U6 `% p6 q/ hmso-font-kerning:0pt">——: j4 X+ o: } s; a1 M9 d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说( j8 g& P8 `& S& w$ M) _+ y
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$ P6 o! e* n1 ?8 @* \/ O* Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">本身就包含着德治与法治相结合的观点。3 p7 ^4 K3 O- d' G6 d2 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚* C, v7 w' b: i0 L* I5 B B: cmso-font-kerning:0pt"> * Q( a; |3 a% z/ f4 G
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% y. ^, W/ }) VTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：. y* s; K4 L" R' S0pt"> 0 D9 R& x5 ~$ F$ K! A/ |) R
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！! e/ K1 _, }% m( ^
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假4 S( q0 W% I1 e4 p
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$ \: ~, v/ V2 |4 m* K& `$ kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是+ J' I4 @8 e2 J+ M3 I2 y9 F" C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题! _$ ^% w9 v* s0 h, D9 n* ]" j
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# g' l. X9 m$ {9 Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。4 U, r7 H1 e( o+ M
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# A" t% ~0 X6 p) U$ emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴5 D7 L3 A, A J; X/ Z ?
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5 T% F" |7 B# Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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